Ubukhulu beShelf Life of King Trumpet Mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii)

Isikhathi sokulondolozwa kwamakhowe e-king trumpet sincike ezimeni zokugcinwa kanye nokwelashwa kwangemva kokuvuna. Ngezansi kunemithetho elandelwayo ethuthukisiwe esekelwa izifundo zokugcinwa kokudla (IFT, 2022) kanye nemihlahlandlela ye-USDA:

1. Isiqandisi Esijwayelekile

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–2°C (±0.5°C)
• Umswakama: 90–95% RH
• Ukupakisha: Izikhwama ze-polyethylene ezinezimbobo (izimbobo ezi-5-8/cm²)
• I-Shelf Life:
  • Amakhowe aphelele: Izinsuku eziyi-12-14 (ukuncipha kwesisindo <3%)
  • Amakhowe osikiwe: izinsuku ezingu-7–9 (isibalo se-microbial esilawulwayo <10⁴ CFU/g)

Isici Esibalulekile: CO₂ concentration ≤2000 ppm ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kwe-anaerobic.

2. I-Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)

• Ukwakhiwa Kwegesi: 5% O₂ + 10% CO₂ + 85% N₂
• Uhlobo Lwefilimu: Ifilimu elayiniwe ye-BOPP/PE (OTR: 3000–4000 cm³/m²·24h·atm)
• I-Shelf Life:
  • Izinsuku eziyi-18-21 (akukho browning ebonakalayo noma sliminess)
  • Umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase wehliswe ngo-65%

Ukuqinisekisa: Ukuhlolwa kwe-ATP bioluminescence kuqinisekisa ubusha (RLU <800).

3. Vacuum Precooling + Ukubanda

• Ukupholisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Yehlisa izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo libe ngu-4°C phakathi nemizuzu engama-30
• Ukubanda: I-IQF ku -35°C → Isitoreji kokuthi -18°C
• I-Shelf Life:
  • Izinyanga eziyi-10-12 (ukugcinwa komumo > 80%)
  • Akukho ukulahlekelwa okubalulekile komsoco (amaprotheni ≥92%, ama-polysaccharides ≥88%)

Ikhwalithi yokulawula: Ukucwenga (95°C/2 min) ngaphambi kokuqhwa kuvimbela ukunsundu kwe-enzymatic.

4. I-Edible Coating Technology

• I-Coating Formula: 1.5% chitosan + 0.2% nano-SiO₂
• Izinzuzo:
  • Ibambezela ukuvulwa kwekepisi ngezinsuku ezingama-5-7
  • Yehlisa izinga lokuphefumula ngo-40%
  • Igcina ukuqina (≥12 N puncture force)