Ngaphambi kokugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemifino evuniwe, ukushisa kwensimu kufanele kususwe ngokushesha, futhi inqubo yokupholisa ngokushesha izinga lokushisa layo kumazinga okushisa ashiwo kuthiwa yi-precooling.Ukupholisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavimbela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa endaweni okugcinwa kuyo okubangelwa ukushisa kokuphefumula, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise umfutho wokuphefumula wemifino futhi kwehlise nokulahlekelwa ngemva kokuvuna.Izinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zemifino zidinga izimo ezihlukene zokushisa ngaphambi kokupholisa, futhi izindlela ezifanele zokupholisa zangaphambi kokupholisa nazo zihlukile.Ukuze upholise imifino ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngemuva kokuvuna, kungcono ukwenza lokho endaweni yemvelaphi.
Izindlela zokupholisa imifino kuqala zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
1. Ukupholisa okungokwemvelo kokupholisa kuqala kubeka imifino evuniwe endaweni epholile nengena umoya, ukuze ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo kufinyelele inhloso yokupholisa.Le ndlela ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemishini.Kuyindlela engenzeka ezindaweni ezinezimo ezimbi.Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokupholisa kuqala ivinjelwe izinga lokushisa langaphandle ngaleso sikhathi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokupholisa elidingwa umkhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokupholisa kuqala side futhi umphumela uba mubi.Enyakatho, le ndlela yokupholisa kuqala ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kweklabishi laseShayina.
2. Isitoreji esibandayo sangaphambi kokupholisa (Igumbi Lokupholisa Ngaphambi Kokupholisa) sizopakisha imikhiqizo yemifino epakishwe ebhokisini lokupakisha endaweni yokugcina ebandayo.Kufanele kube negebe phakathi kwezitaki kanye nendawo yokuphuma komoya yesitaki sokungenisa umoya sesitoreji esibandayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukushisa kwemikhiqizo kuzosuswa lapho ukugeleza komoya kudlula kahle.Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongcono wokupholisa, izinga lokugeleza komoya endaweni yokugcina impahla kufanele lifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1-2 ngomzuzwana, kodwa akufanele libe likhulu kakhulu ukugwema ukuphelelwa amanzi ngokweqile kwemifino emisha.Le ndlela iyindlela evamile yokupholisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino.
3. I-air cooler ephoqelelwe (i-differential pressure cooler) iwukudala ukugeleza komoya okucindezelayo okuhlukile ezinhlangothini ezimbili zesitaki sebhokisi lokupakisha eliqukethe imikhiqizo, ukuze umoya obandayo uphoqe ebhokisini ngalinye lokupakisha futhi udlule uzungeze umkhiqizo ngamunye, ngaleyo ndlela ukhiphe ukushisa komkhiqizo.Le ndlela ishesha izikhathi ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-10 kunokushisa kwesitoreji esibandayo, kuyilapho ukupholisa kuqala kwesitoreji esibandayo kungenza ukushisa komkhiqizo kuphume phezu kwebhokisi lokupakisha.Le ndlela yokupholisa kuqala iyasebenza nasemifino eminingi.Ziningi izindlela zokupholisa umoya ngempoqo.Indlela yokupholisa yomhubhe isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi eNingizimu Afrika nase-United States.Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo olwenziwa ngabasebenzi besayensi nezobuchwepheshe, iShayina iklame indawo yokupholisa umoya ephoqelekile elula.
Indlela eqondile ukufaka umkhiqizo ebhokisini elinezincazelo ezifanayo kanye nezimbobo zokungenisa umoya ezifanayo, beka ibhokisi esitakini esingunxande, ushiye igebe ohlangothini lwendawo yesitaki, umboze iziphetho ezimbili zesitaki nangaphezulu. isitaki siqinile ngeseyili noma ngefilimu yepulasitiki, enye ingxenye yayo exhunywe nesiphephetha-moya ukuze iphele, ukuze igebe esikhungweni sesitaki sakhe indawo yokucindezeleka, okuphoqa umoya obandayo ezinhlangothini zombili zeseyili engamboziwe ukuthi ungene endaweni ephansi- indawo yokucindezela kusukela embotsheni yokufaka umoya yebhokisi lephakheji, Ukushisa emkhiqizweni kwenziwa endaweni enengcindezi ephansi, bese kukhishelwa esitakini ngumlandeli ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokupholisa kuqala.Le ndlela kufanele inake ukupakishwa okunengqondo kwamakesi okupakisha kanye nokubekwa okufanele kwekhanvasi nefeni, ukuze umoya obandayo ungene kuphela ngembobo yokukhipha kukesi lokupakisha, ngaphandle kwalokho umphumela wokupholisa kusengaphambili awunakufezwa.
4. I-vacuum precooling (I-Vacuum Cooler) iwukufaka imifino esitsheni esivalekile, ukhiphe umoya ngokushesha esitsheni, unciphise ukucindezela esitsheni, futhi wenze umkhiqizo uphole ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi angaphezulu.Ngomfutho ojwayelekile womkhathi (101.3 kPa, 760 mm Hg *), amanzi ahwamuka ku-100 ℃, futhi lapho umfutho wehla ufinyelela ku-0.53 kPa, amanzi angahwamuka ngo-0 ℃.Uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngo-5 ℃, cishe u-1% wesisindo somkhiqizo uyahwamuka.Ukuze ungenzi imifino ilahlekelwe amanzi amaningi, fafaza amanzi ngaphambi kokupholisa.Le ndlela isetshenziswa ekupholiseni kuqala kwemifino enamahlamvu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, okufana ne-asparagus, amakhowe, amahlumela aseBrussels, nobhontshisi baseDutch nakho kungapholiswa ngaphambili nge-vacuum.Indlela ye-vacuum precooling ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngesisetshenziswa esikhethekile se-vacuum precooling, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kukhulu.Njengamanje, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukupholisa imifino ukuze ithunyelwe eChina.
5. Ukupholisa kwamanzi abandayo (I-Hydro Cooler) ukufafaza amanzi apholile (asondele ku-0 ℃ ngangokunokwenzeka) emifino, noma ukucwilisa imifino emanzini abandayo agelezayo ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokupholisa imifino.Ngenxa yokuthi amandla okushisa amanzi makhulu kakhulu kunomoya, indlela yokupholisa amanzi abandayo esebenzisa amanzi njengoba indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ishesha kunendlela yokupholisa komoya kuqala, futhi amanzi okupholisa angaphinde asetshenziswe.Kodwa-ke, amanzi abandayo kufanele afakwe i-disinfected, ngaphandle kwalokho umkhiqizo uzongcoliswa ama-microorganisms.Ngakho-ke, amanye ama-disinfectants kufanele afakwe emanzini abandayo.
Imishini yendlela yokupholisa amanzi abandayo yi-water chiller, okufanele futhi ihlanzwe ngamanzi kaningi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.Indlela yokupholisa emanzini abandayo ingahlanganiswa nokuhlanza emva kokuvuna kanye nokubulala amagciwane emifino.Le ndlela yokupholisa kuqala isebenza kakhulu emifino yezithelo nezimpande, kodwa hhayi emifino emaqabunga.
6. Xhumana ne-ice pre-cooling (I-Ice Injector) iyisengezo kwezinye izindlela zokupholisa ngaphambili.Kuwukubeka iqhwa elichotshoziwe noma ingxube yeqhwa nosawoti phezulu kwezimpahla zemifino esitsheni sokupakisha noma imoto noma inqola yesitimela.Lokhu kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo, kuqinisekise ukusha komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuthutha, futhi kudlale indima yokupholisa kuqala.Nokho, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela emikhiqizweni ethintana neqhwa futhi ngeke idale umonakalo.Njengesipinashi, i-broccoli nesithombo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2022